Tuesday 12 February 2008

SRI LANKA HOLIDAYS: ASOKAMALA OF LANKA





























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SRI LANKA HOLIDAYS: ASOKAMALA OF LANKA

Isurumuniya Rock temple, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka

In the loveliest part of old Anuradhapura, in a group of black granite boulders, there nestles the Isurumuniya Rock temple. The temple built in the 3rd century B.C., was the first repository of the Sacred Tooth Relic of the Buddha. The present repository of the Sacred Tooth relic is Holy Temple of the Tooth at Kandy, Sri Lanka. In the ancient times the Isurumuniya Rock Temple was known as Meghagiri Vihara or the Shrine of the Clouded Mountain

The Lovers
Some of the finest sculptures in Aanuradhapura are found at Isurumuniya Rock Temple. The most famous of all is “The Lovers” which represents King Dutugamunu’s son Prince Saliya & his heartthrob Asokamala. “The Lovers” carved in the fifth century is of the artistic tradition of Gupta Art of India.
Asokamala
Discovered adorned with Asoka flowers, plucking Asoka flowers in Asoka gardens , the lissome gypsy damsel of incomparable beauty & matchless grace was named Asokamala by her royal discoverer, Crown Prince Saliya. Such was the divine beauty of the damsel, it is said, she was the one, whom you would have tonight, even at the price of falling into the netherworld in the following night.
“If she wasn’t the light of your life & lust of your loins, I would have made her mine” King Dutugamunu,(161-137 BC) of Lanka , the hero of the nation declaring upon being mesmerized by the beauty of Asokamala, the heartthrob of his son.

Historical romance of enamored Prince Saliya, who forsook his right to crown for Asokamala, has been narrated many a times for a couple of millenniums. Following extract is by courtesy of Sri Lankan writer Lankaputhra illustrious R. L. Brohier, O. B. E., Hon. D. Litt. (Ceylon)

Discovering Ceylon by R. L. Brohier ISBN 955-8425-54-0
It was translated for me many years ago by a pundit. No words in English can adequately convey the terms of simplicity & tenderness, or the feminine charms & graces alluded to in the Sinhalese version of the story.

King Dutugamunu had one some named Sali. Not content to bestow on him the ordinary endowments of a prince, the historiographers have not hesitated to ascribe to him a combination of every manly virtue. Delighted with his accomplishments, his father raised him to the dignity of viceroy, & built him a stately palace at the south-end of Anuradhapura.

On a certain day, Sali together with a number of young chieftains went sporting in the ‘Mahamega’ of pleasure gardens of the city. Attracted by an Asoka tree which was spangled by bunches of beautiful blossoms he walked up to it. Looking up when he got nearer, he spied among the leafy branches a young women who had climbed the tree to pluck some flowers. She was naked from the waist up, but for scanty scarf hanging from her neck which afforded a semblance of propriety, but had got displaced in her efforts to reach out for the flowers.
The beauty of her form in the shade of deep foliage, & her panchakalyana or five feminine graces held Sali enraptured.

Passion was asleep for the while, but his eyes brimming with a sudden devotion reflected a surpassing tenderness & exquisite bliss, she seemed to him as it were, to be an embodiment of lightening, or like a full moon in a dark cloud.
The prince’s retinue & the other courtiers, who were attracted by Prince Sali’s distraction gathered around him. Entranced by what they saw, & seized with desire, they began severally to accost the girl in ribald jests: ‘Golden one, who & whence art thou? ‘Art thou a daughter of a man or goddess-for never in this world was beauty seen like thine?’ ‘Tell us who are thy parents, & whether thou art married or unmarried?”
‘Lords,” replied the maiden, “I am of the low-born of this earth, forbidden to even cover my breasts, the daughter of the chief of Chandalas, a despised & scorned caste. I prey thee, noble lords, let me be gone to my people.”
Sali whose heart was wrung on hearing her sad appeal, beckoned to the girl to alight from the tree. Turning to the company gathered around him he remarked in an undertone: “Precious stones & pearls are not rejected by man even though they may be found in dung–heap. Why then should damsel-who no woman in Lanka equals in beauty, be despised because she was born of the Chandalas?”
Turning to the girl, he said, ‘Fair one! Don’t think of these odd things. Only remember that I am here beside you….” Taking her by the hand he conducted her to a closed palanquin, & escorted her to his palace. “You will in future be named: Asoka mala,’ he said when he received her at the entrance to his palace...”the fragrant flower I picked from the Asoka-tee”
A thousand tongues which had sung Prince Sali’s fame carried the news of his sensational amour with the Chandala women, to every corner of the city of Anuradhapura. It eventfully reached the ears of the King Dutthagamini, displeased & considerably ruffled but outwardly displaying dignified calm, summoned the favourite lady of his court, & said to her: go to my son, & tell him…Lord, thy father will get thee a princess of the royal, or of the Brahmin caste, for wife…& thy royal father will stand down & proclaim thee King…if thou wilt forsake this daughter of chandala, & stain not the royal caste.’
All the forces of nature & emotion seemed to be behind the answer Sali sent his father, declaring his unalterable attachment to the damsel of his choice. Howbeit, the king, on learning of his son’s resolution, thought of another approach. Sending for his Brahmin astrologers, & others skilled in soothsaying, he bade them go to his son’s palace to see Asoka-mala, & to report on the tokens of fortunes she possessed.
As they were bidden, these wise men presented themselves at Sali’s palace. When they saw Asoka-mala, they were so intoxicated by her charms that they tarried no more than a short while; getting back, they presented themselves before the king, exclaiming; “Your Majesty… Asoka-mala is blest with a body the colour of gold, her large eyes resemble the petals of the blue mahanil (4), and the soft soles of her feet the petal of the red tank flowers. Endowed thus she is certainly propitious, & is for to be the chief consort of Sakreya.’
On being told by his astrologers & soothsayers that Asokamala was fit to be the consort of Sakreya, or Indra-the reagent of the gods, & on hearing her beauty described in such immoderate terms, King Dutthagamini was filled with desire to see her himself. He sent world of his intentions to his son.
Sali, glad beyond measure of the opportunity to confront his father with the, Chandala damsel he had made up his mind to wed, sought Asoka-mala, & said: “Beloved one, my father...the king, is this day coming to the palace for the purpose of seeing theee; delay not therefore in due preparation.” Hastening to do the prince’s bidding she set about preparing the most delectable viands, & arrayed herself in the choices of apparel which had been provided for her earlier on the orders of he prince...
Deporting themselves in humble posture Sali & Asoka-mala stood together with great respect & obeisance at the entrance of the place to receive the king & his ministers. The king overwhelmed by the contagion of her beauty, addressed her: “Art thou then that happy maiden my son has named Asoka-mala” In a voice full of rhythmical cadence she replied”’ I am... my lord.”
Dutthagamini, confounded by delight, took his seat, & was served by her in person. Repenting of his intention to deprive his son of this excellent maiden, the king was filled with a wild exaltation to prove his favour. He accordingly lavished upon his son & would-be daughter, every outward expression of his paternal goodwill. Giving both of them advice for the future, he placed them upon a heap of gold, & performed the marriage ceremony. Under the open windows in the courtyard, the musicians continued to play & sing in an air which was full of love & dreams, & in a scene lit by a brilliant moon, the king left the happy pair to return to his palace.
Prince Sali, far from becoming palled with the charms of his wife, continued to enjoy the most perfect happiness; while Asokamala, spending her time in acts of charity, balanced the sufferings of the less fortunate from the super-abundance of her own good fortune. Thus, in an atmosphere of passion & goods deeds, the pair blended life with intoxicating happiness.
The legend is probably the most authentic in Sinhalese tradition since it crystallizes into coherent thought the portrayal of a period-piece passed down by ancestators to posterity on a theme which animates all living souls down the ages, & is current to this day. It has even found a counterpart in monument.
Before his death, Dutthagamini sent for his dashing, romantic son, & is understood to have said to him” Thou may’st succeed to the throne, & reign protecting the world, & our religion.” Sali was well aware of the condition on which he ‘may’st’ do so. In its small scape, every line of the tradition carries a moral. In, his choice between the throne, & Chandala women, Sali opens the windows of his soul that saw the finest in everything...he refused the throne. (5)
End.
Footnotes in italics are mine. bunpeiris

Ancient Sinhalese have defined the ultimate graces of beautiful women -bright red (tone of the tender NA leaf) (1) lips, long blue-black hair (2), doe-eyes (3), swans-like breast , light brown clear complexion, narrow waist & broad hips.

(1) Among the remarkable features of NA is beautiful bright Red Leaves that finally matured in to a deep green. The “Na Tree” (Iron wood), botanically called “Mesua Nagassarium” grows to about 30 m high and indigenous to the lower wet Zone of Sri Lanka. In early times the NA timber was used to make bridges owing to its hardness & durability. Today it is a protected tree. It's believed that the first visit of Buddha was to grove of a NA Tree at Mahiyangana. It is also said the next Buddha Maitreya (Natha) will attain enlightenment under a NA tree. The flower of NA is also used in herbal medicine and preparation of perfumes, cosmetics and soaps. Na tree is named the National Tree of Sri Lanka in 1986.

(2) Ancient & medieval Sinhalese poetry praising the beauty of perfect women emphasize the color of hair as bluish black. Muthiyanga stupa of Sri Lanka enshrines Sacred Kesha Datu, a lock of pure & blue-black hair of Gauthama Buddha. Perhaps such could be the color of the hair of an Asian man of perfect of health & purest of thought.

(3) In ancient Sinhalese poetry long serene eyes of beautiful women are likened to those of a doe.

(4) The Nil Mahanel (Nympheae Stellata) plant which grows in shallow waters is found in all over the island of Sri Lanka. The beautiful purplish flower with a heavy concentration of petals in the centre is also considered a symbol of truth, purity and discipline. This flower also referred to as "Kuvalaya", "Indhewara", "Niluppala", "Nilothpala' and "Nilupul" is narrated in many Sinhala, Pali and Sanskrit Literary works. The flower which occupies a pre-eminent position in Buddhist literature is among the 108 symbols of virtue found in the footprint of Gautama Buddha. The Sigiri Apsaras at Sigiriya Lion Rock Citadel are depicted plucking Nil Mahanel. Traditional Sinhalese poetry of Sri Lanka known as "Sandesa Kavya" likens women's eyes to Nil Mahanel flowers. It was declared the National Flower of Sri Lanka in 1986.

(5) On the death of King Duuthagamini, his brother Saddatissa, Tissa the Pious, was consecrated. He reigned for 18 years during 137-119 BC.


Friday 1 February 2008

SRI LANKA HOLIDAYS: CEYLON CINNAMON




















SRI LANKA HOLIDAYS: CEYLON CINNAMON bunpeiris

Tour the beautiful island of Sri Lanka with My Sri Lanka Holidays.

Are you sure what you have in your hand is Ceylon Cinnamon from Sri Lanka? The botanical name Cinnamomum zeylanicum is derived from Sri Lanka’s name during 1815-1972, Ceylon.

The finest cinnamon is Ceylon cinnamon from Sri Lanka. Indonesian cinnamon too of similar taste yet with inferior quality & in larger quills. Much of what is sold as cinnamon is not really true Sri Lankan or southern Indian cinnamon, but rather Chinese cassia cinnamon, which is native to that country. That’s not the Right Stuff. In Sri Lanka we reveal the Right Stuff for you to revel.

Cinnamon Rice Pudding by GIGI, Pasadena, California, United States

Its cinnamon is the best in the world”

Captain Joao Ribeiro in his book on Sri Lanka titled
“The Historic Tragedy of the island of Ceilao

Lisbon, 8th January 1685 dedicated to His Most Serene Majesty Dom Pedro The Second

  • 1 heaping cup of arborio rice.
  • Cinnamon stick
  • 1 vanilla bean, split and scraped
  • 32 ounces of skim milk (yes, skim)
  • 1 cup of heavy cream
  • ½ cup of sugar
  • 1 teaspoon of cinnamon

Sri Lanka’s recorded unbroken civilization runs back to 543 BC. Tthougout the period of 16th-18th centuries, cinnamon was the Holy Grail of Portuguese, & Dutch invaders. Such was the value of Ceylon cinnamon, it became the main article of trade for Dutch East India Company whose main seaports were Colombo & Galle. VOC Galle Dutch Fort of Sri Lanka is the best preserved colonial sea fortress in the whole of Asia.

“The Helen or the Bride in Conteft of this isle is the fineset & purest Cinnamon, which growing only in this island”
Philip Baldaeu: A Description of the Great & Most Famous isle of Ceylon 1671, Amsterdam

Place the rice, cinnamon stick, vanilla seeds, vanilla bean, skim milk, heavy cream, and sugar in a 2-quart saucepan. Bring to a boil over medium-low heat, stirring often. Next, reduce the heat to low and simmer for 25-30 minutes. Discard the vanilla bean and cinnamon stick. Stir in the 1 teaspoon of cinnamon. Divide the pudding into (4-6) ramekins. You can serve it warm if you’re like me or wrap them up tightly and enjoy when cooled.

Well, that’s how rice pudding is cooked in America. In Sri Lanka, you can even steam cook rice pudding on a cone-cupped leaf of a plant called ‘Kanda” by means of a dressed up bamboo steamer set on a clay pot. Moreover, “Pudding spice" which is a compound of nutmeg, clove, cardamom, mace and all spice would serve the purpose much better.

All this stuff are well produced & marketed in Colombo, Sri Lanka. You can buy all these spices in Spice Gardens in the Royal city of Kandy, the gateway to Central Highlands of Sri Lanka

Cinnamon quills
Cinnamon quills are inner bark of a tropical evergreen tree, harvested during the rainy season when pliable and then dried into curls sold as sticks or ground into a powder. With its warm, sweet flavor, cinnamon is a vital ingredient in flavoring baked goods, in cooking stews and & making sauces

Cinnamon Jungles
Captain Joao Ribeiro in his book on Sri Lanka titled
“The Historic Tragedy of the island of Ceilao” narrates of Cinnamon jungles of Ceylon (Sri Lanka)

…these are so dense that a man cannot walk through them a stone’s throw. In shape the leaves of the cinnamon resemble those of the plantane in that they have three ribs, & in texture the laurel; when crushed between the fingers their smell is as of the best cloves of Rochella. The trees are not very tall, for they do not exceed two bracas at the most;& as there is rain here daily they do not shed their leaves,& most of them bear two crops of fruit, which is similar to the laural berry, in the year. When this falls on the ground, it immediately starts growing in consequence of the heat & moisture; & it is for this reason that the inhabitants have a law that they should clear their roads frequently; unless they do so, they would be all thick forest in one year

First cultivation of cinnamon
In the year 1770, Dutch East India Company continued to overhaul the methods of harvesting in the wild, and eventually began to cultivate its own trees.

Cinnamon Today
Today Sri Lanka is a major exporter of cinnamon. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Sri Lanka exported 11,068 metric tons of cinnamon in 2003, comprising most of the world production of true cinnamon.

In Westen & Southwestern coast belt –finest beaches of the world
Sri Lanka's cinnamon groves lie exclusively in its western and southwestern regions, north and south of the country's commercial capital, Colombo. The tropical sunshine and abundant rain of these areas provide an ideal habitat, but even here the quality of the spice varies with soil conditions.

The best of the best Ceylon cinnamon today
The sweetest, most prized variety grows in the "silver sand" coastal belt of the Negombo, close to the one & only International airport (CMB) of the Island. The immediate environs of Colombo itself once comprised large spice plantations - even today its prime residential quarter is known as Cinnamon Gardens.

Government support now
Well-tended trees free of diseases such as leaf blight and white root yield about 100 kilograms of cured bark per acre. Cinnamon trees have a productive life span of about 40-50 years after which they have to be replanted, for which cinnamon growers receive generous subsidies from Department of Minor Export Crops, Matale, Sri Lanka. Matale is located close to cultural heartland of the island, Kandy.

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